{"version":"1.0","source":"snrk.uk","description":"Structured peptide research database. For research purposes only.","count":14,"peptides":[{"name":"BPC-157","slug":"bpc-157","fullName":"Body Protection Compound 157","category":"repair","sequence":"Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val","molecularWeight":1419.5,"molecularFormula":"C62H98N16O22","casNumber":"137525-51-0","halfLife":"~4 hours (estimated)","administration":["subcutaneous","intramuscular","oral"],"reconstitute":"Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water. For a 5 mg vial add 2 mL BW for a 2,500 µg/mL solution.","storage":"Lyophilised: store at -20°C, stable for 24+ months. Reconstituted: refrigerate at 2–8°C, use within 30 days.","researchDose":"200–500 µg/day (subcutaneous or intramuscular); 500 µg–1 mg/day (oral)","evidenceTier":"Animal studies (rodent). No completed human RCTs.","primaryMechanism":"VEGF upregulation, angiogenesis, nitric oxide system modulation","studiedFor":["gut healing","tendon repair","ligament repair","neuroprotection","wound healing"],"notes":"Stable in gastric acid — oral bioavailability is plausible. Acetate and free acid forms both available; acetate is predominant in published literature.","url":"https://snrk.uk/data/bpc-157","researchReview":"https://snrk.uk/research/bpc-157-research-review"},{"name":"TB-500","slug":"tb-500","fullName":"Thymosin Beta-4 Fragment (Ac-LKKTETQ)","category":"repair","sequence":"Ac-Leu-Lys-Lys-Thr-Glu-Thr-Gln","molecularWeight":2107.4,"molecularFormula":"C38H68N10O14","casNumber":"885340-08-9","halfLife":"Unknown","administration":["subcutaneous","intramuscular"],"reconstitute":"Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water. For a 5 mg vial add 2 mL BW for a 2,500 µg/mL solution.","storage":"Lyophilised: store at -20°C. Reconstituted: refrigerate at 2–8°C, use within 30 days. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.","researchDose":"2–2.5 mg twice weekly (loading phase 4–6 weeks); 2 mg weekly (maintenance)","evidenceTier":"Animal studies. Parent compound (Thymosin Beta-4) reached Phase II human trials.","primaryMechanism":"G-actin sequestration, cell migration, MMP-2 upregulation, anti-inflammatory via NF-κB","studiedFor":["tendon repair","muscle repair","wound healing","cardiac repair","neuroprotection"],"notes":"TB-500 is a synthetic fragment of the full Thymosin Beta-4 protein. Human trial data exists for Tβ4 (corneal healing, cardiac), not directly for the fragment.","url":"https://snrk.uk/data/tb-500","researchReview":"https://snrk.uk/research/tb-500-research-review"},{"name":"Semax","slug":"semax","fullName":"ACTH(4-7)–Pro–Gly–Pro (Heptapeptide)","category":"cognitive","sequence":"Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro","molecularWeight":813.9,"molecularFormula":"C37H51N9O10S","casNumber":"80714-61-0","halfLife":"~20 minutes (plasma); effects last several hours","administration":["intranasal"],"reconstitute":"Typically supplied as a pre-made nasal solution (0.1% or 1%). Store refrigerated.","storage":"Refrigerate at 2–8°C. Do not freeze the nasal solution. Stable for several months refrigerated.","researchDose":"200–900 µg/day intranasal, split into 1–2 doses","evidenceTier":"Human clinical use in Russia (stroke, cognitive decline, ADHD). Limited Western RCT data.","primaryMechanism":"BDNF and NGF upregulation, dopaminergic modulation, ACTH receptor agonism","studiedFor":["cognitive enhancement","neuroprotection","stroke recovery","ADHD","stress resilience"],"notes":"Registered medicine in Russia. Approved for clinical use for stroke and brain injury. Better human evidence base than most nootropic peptides.","url":"https://snrk.uk/data/semax","researchReview":"https://snrk.uk/research/semax-research-review"},{"name":"Selank","slug":"selank","fullName":"Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro (Tuftsin Analog)","category":"cognitive","sequence":"Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro","molecularWeight":751.9,"molecularFormula":"C33H57N11O9","casNumber":"129954-34-3","halfLife":"~2 minutes (plasma); prolonged CNS effects","administration":["intranasal"],"reconstitute":"Typically supplied as a pre-made nasal solution (0.15%). Store refrigerated.","storage":"Refrigerate at 2–8°C. Stable for several months.","researchDose":"200–300 µg/day intranasal","evidenceTier":"Human trials in Russia (anxiety, generalised anxiety disorder). Limited Western data.","primaryMechanism":"GABA modulation, serotonin and dopamine regulation, enkephalin stabilisation","studiedFor":["anxiety reduction","cognitive enhancement","stress resilience","immune modulation"],"notes":"Synthetic analog of tuftsin. Registered in Russia for anxiety and asthenic disorders. Often paired with Semax (anxiolytic + focus).","url":"https://snrk.uk/data/selank","researchReview":"https://snrk.uk/research/selank-research-review"},{"name":"Epithalon","slug":"epithalon","fullName":"Epithalamin Tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly)","category":"longevity","sequence":"Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly","molecularWeight":390.35,"molecularFormula":"C14H22N4O10","casNumber":"307297-39-8","halfLife":"Unknown","administration":["subcutaneous","intramuscular","intranasal"],"reconstitute":"Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water. For a 10 mg vial add 2 mL BW for a 5,000 µg/mL solution.","storage":"Lyophilised: store at -20°C. Reconstituted: refrigerate at 2–8°C, use within 30 days.","researchDose":"5–10 mg/day for 10–20 day cycles, 2x per year","evidenceTier":"Animal studies (lifespan extension). Some human observational data (telomere length, mortality in elderly). Russian Khavinson Institute research.","primaryMechanism":"Telomerase activation, melatonin regulation via pineal gland, antioxidant activity","studiedFor":["telomere elongation","lifespan extension","sleep quality","cancer prevention (animal)","immune function"],"notes":"Synthesised by Vladimir Khavinson. Tetrapeptide derived from the pineal gland. Long-term human studies from St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation show reduced mortality in elderly cohorts.","url":"https://snrk.uk/data/epithalon","researchReview":"https://snrk.uk/research/epithalon-research-review"},{"name":"GHK-Cu","slug":"ghk-cu","fullName":"Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine Copper Complex","category":"longevity","sequence":"Gly-His-Lys","molecularWeight":340.38,"molecularFormula":"C14H24CuN6O4","casNumber":"89030-95-5","halfLife":"Unknown","administration":["subcutaneous","topical"],"reconstitute":"Reconstitute with sterile or bacteriostatic water. Typically used at lower concentrations than repair peptides.","storage":"Lyophilised: store at -20°C. Reconstituted: refrigerate, use within 2 weeks. Light-sensitive — store in dark.","researchDose":"Systemic: 1–2 mg several times per week. Topical: concentrations of 0.1–1% in carrier.","evidenceTier":"Strong in vitro and animal data. Some human data for topical wound healing and skin applications.","primaryMechanism":"Copper-dependent activation of 30+ genes involved in tissue repair, DNA repair, anti-inflammatory signalling, tumour suppression pathways","studiedFor":["wound healing","skin repair","anti-ageing","DNA damage repair","anti-inflammatory","hair growth"],"notes":"Endogenous peptide — plasma levels decline ~1000-fold between ages 20 and 60. Activates TGF-β, VEGF, and numerous antioxidant genes. Loren Pickart research group is primary source.","url":"https://snrk.uk/data/ghk-cu","researchReview":"https://snrk.uk/research/ghk-cu-research-review"},{"name":"MOTS-c","slug":"mots-c","fullName":"Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c","category":"longevity","sequence":"MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR","molecularWeight":2174.6,"molecularFormula":"C95H152N30O27S","casNumber":"1627580-76-0","halfLife":"Unknown","administration":["subcutaneous","intramuscular"],"reconstitute":"Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water. For a 5 mg vial add 1 mL BW for a 5,000 µg/mL solution.","storage":"Lyophilised: store at -20°C. Reconstituted: refrigerate at 2–8°C, use within 30 days.","researchDose":"5–10 mg per week (animal-extrapolated; no established human dose)","evidenceTier":"Animal studies. Emerging human observational data (circulating levels correlate with metabolic health).","primaryMechanism":"AMPK activation, mitochondrial biogenesis, insulin sensitisation, exercise-mimetic signalling","studiedFor":["metabolic health","insulin sensitivity","obesity","exercise performance","longevity"],"notes":"Mitochondrially encoded peptide — one of very few. Circulating levels decline with age. Activates AMPK similarly to exercise and metformin. Cohen lab (USC) primary researchers.","url":"https://snrk.uk/data/mots-c","researchReview":"https://snrk.uk/research/mots-c-research-review"},{"name":"Dihexa","slug":"dihexa","fullName":"N-hexanoic-Tyr-Ile-(6) aminohexanoic amide","category":"cognitive","sequence":"Hexanoyl-Tyr-Ile-Ahx-NH2","molecularWeight":540.72,"molecularFormula":"C29H48N4O5","casNumber":"1191576-03-0","halfLife":"Unknown; reported to be long-acting","administration":["oral","transdermal"],"reconstitute":"Lipophilic — dissolves in DMSO, ethanol, or oil-based carriers. Not water-soluble.","storage":"Store at -20°C. Stable for 24+ months lyophilised. Protect from light.","researchDose":"Extremely low doses used in animal studies (mg/kg). Human researcher doses are highly speculative.","evidenceTier":"Animal studies only (primarily Alzheimer's models). No human data.","primaryMechanism":"HGF/c-Met potentiation, BDNF mimetic effect, synaptogenesis promotion","studiedFor":["cognitive enhancement","Alzheimer's disease (animal)","synaptogenesis","neurodegeneration"],"notes":"Developed at Washington State University. Reported to be ~7 orders of magnitude more potent than BDNF at promoting synaptogenesis in vitro. Very limited safety data. Approach with significant caution.","url":"https://snrk.uk/data/dihexa","researchReview":"https://snrk.uk/research/dihexa-research-review"},{"name":"CJC-1295","slug":"cjc-1295","fullName":"CJC-1295 (Modified GRF 1-29)","category":"gh-secretagogue","sequence":"Tyr-D-Ala-Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Gln-Ser-Tyr-Arg-Lys-Val-Leu-Ala-Gln-Leu-Ser-Ala-Arg-Lys-Leu-Leu-Gln-Asp-Ile-Leu-Ser-Arg-NH2 (DAC form)","molecularWeight":3647.3,"molecularFormula":"C165H269N47O46","casNumber":"863288-34-0","halfLife":"~6–8 days (DAC form); ~30 minutes (no-DAC / Mod-GRF 1-29)","administration":["subcutaneous"],"reconstitute":"Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water. For a 2 mg vial add 1 mL BW for a 2,000 µg/mL solution.","storage":"Lyophilised: store at -20°C. Reconstituted: refrigerate at 2–8°C, use within 30 days.","researchDose":"1–2 mg per week (DAC form). Often paired with Ipamorelin.","evidenceTier":"Human clinical trials exist. Phase II data for GHRH analog activity.","primaryMechanism":"GHRH receptor agonism — stimulates pituitary GH release","studiedFor":["growth hormone secretion","body composition","sleep quality","recovery"],"notes":"DAC (Drug Affinity Complex) version has extended half-life via albumin binding. No-DAC version (Mod-GRF 1-29) has short half-life and is typically dosed pre-sleep. Commonly stacked with Ipamorelin for synergistic GH pulse.","url":"https://snrk.uk/data/cjc-1295","researchReview":"https://snrk.uk/research/cjc-1295-research-review"},{"name":"Ipamorelin","slug":"ipamorelin","fullName":"Ipamorelin (Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH2)","category":"gh-secretagogue","sequence":"Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH2","molecularWeight":711.85,"molecularFormula":"C38H49N9O5","casNumber":"170851-70-4","halfLife":"~2 hours","administration":["subcutaneous"],"reconstitute":"Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water. For a 5 mg vial add 2.5 mL BW for a 2,000 µg/mL solution.","storage":"Lyophilised: store at -20°C. Reconstituted: refrigerate at 2–8°C, use within 30 days.","researchDose":"100–300 µg per dose, typically once daily pre-sleep","evidenceTier":"Human clinical data. Studied for GH deficiency and post-operative ileus.","primaryMechanism":"Ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a) agonism — selective GH secretagogue with minimal cortisol or prolactin effect","studiedFor":["growth hormone secretion","body composition","sleep quality","recovery","bone density"],"notes":"Considered more selective than earlier GH secretagogues — does not significantly raise cortisol or prolactin. Typically stacked with CJC-1295 (no-DAC) for a synergistic GH pulse.","url":"https://snrk.uk/data/ipamorelin","researchReview":"https://snrk.uk/research/ipamorelin-research-review"},{"name":"Tesamorelin","slug":"tesamorelin","fullName":"Tesamorelin (Trans-3-hexenoic acid-GRF 1-44)","category":"gh-secretagogue","sequence":"GRF(1-44) with N-terminal trans-3-hexenoic acid modification","molecularWeight":5135.9,"molecularFormula":"C221H366N72O67S","casNumber":"218949-48-5","halfLife":"~26 minutes","administration":["subcutaneous"],"reconstitute":"Supplied as lyophilised powder with diluent. Follow manufacturer instructions.","storage":"Lyophilised: refrigerate at 2–8°C (not frozen). Reconstituted: use immediately or within 24 hours refrigerated.","researchDose":"2 mg/day subcutaneous (FDA-approved dose for HIV-associated lipodystrophy)","evidenceTier":"FDA-approved (Egrifta). Phase III human trial data for visceral fat reduction.","primaryMechanism":"GHRH receptor agonism — stimulates pulsatile GH release, IGF-1 elevation","studiedFor":["visceral fat reduction","HIV-associated lipodystrophy","cognitive function (Alzheimer's — ongoing trials)","body composition"],"notes":"One of very few peptides with full FDA approval. Strong human efficacy data for visceral adiposity. Ongoing trials for cognitive benefits in mild cognitive impairment.","url":"https://snrk.uk/data/tesamorelin","researchReview":"https://snrk.uk/research/tesamorelin-research-review"},{"name":"Thymosin Alpha-1","slug":"thymosin-alpha-1","fullName":"Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1)","category":"longevity","sequence":"Ac-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Val-Asp-Thr-Ser-Ser-Glu-Ile-Thr-Thr-Lys-Asp-Leu-Lys-Glu-Lys-Lys-Glu-Val-Val-Glu-Glu-Ala-Glu-Asn-OH","molecularWeight":3108.4,"molecularFormula":"C129H215N33O55","casNumber":"62304-98-7","halfLife":"~2 hours","administration":["subcutaneous"],"reconstitute":"Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water. For a 1.5 mg vial add 1 mL BW.","storage":"Lyophilised: store at -20°C. Reconstituted: refrigerate, use within 48 hours.","researchDose":"1.6 mg twice weekly (approved dosing); some protocols use higher doses","evidenceTier":"Approved in 35+ countries (not FDA). Human RCT data for hepatitis B/C, cancer adjunct, sepsis.","primaryMechanism":"TLR signalling modulation, T-cell maturation, dendritic cell activation, NK cell activity","studiedFor":["immune restoration","chronic infection","cancer immunotherapy adjunct","sepsis","thymic ageing"],"notes":"Approved as Zadaxin in Asia, Eastern Europe, and South America. Khavinson longevity research shows significant mortality reduction in elderly over multi-year protocols. Not the same as Thymosin Beta-4 / TB-500.","url":"https://snrk.uk/data/thymosin-alpha-1","researchReview":"https://snrk.uk/research/thymosin-alpha-1-research-review"},{"name":"Humanin","slug":"humanin","fullName":"Humanin (24-amino acid mitochondrial peptide)","category":"longevity","sequence":"MAPRGFSCLLLLTSEIDLPVKRRA","molecularWeight":2887.5,"molecularFormula":"C121H212N38O34S","casNumber":"326916-19-2","halfLife":"Unknown","administration":["subcutaneous","intramuscular"],"reconstitute":"Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water.","storage":"Lyophilised: store at -20°C. Reconstituted: refrigerate, use within 30 days.","researchDose":"No established human dose. Animal studies use µg/kg ranges.","evidenceTier":"Animal studies. Human observational data — circulating Humanin declines with age and correlates with CVD and Alzheimer's risk.","primaryMechanism":"Cytoprotection via FPRL1/CXCR4 receptors, mitochondrial membrane stabilisation, anti-apoptotic signalling","studiedFor":["Alzheimer's disease (animal)","cardiovascular protection","insulin resistance","cytoprotection","longevity"],"notes":"Mitochondrially encoded peptide, like MOTS-c. Plasma levels track strongly with health and longevity markers in human observational studies. Cohen lab (USC) — same group as MOTS-c.","url":"https://snrk.uk/data/humanin","researchReview":"https://snrk.uk/research/humanin-research-review"},{"name":"PE-22-28","slug":"pe-22-28","fullName":"PE-22-28 (Spadin Analog)","category":"cognitive","sequence":"Ser-Arg-Arg-His-Thr-Ser-Glu","molecularWeight":882.9,"molecularFormula":"C31H54N14O14","casNumber":"Not widely published","halfLife":"Unknown","administration":["subcutaneous","intranasal"],"reconstitute":"Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water.","storage":"Lyophilised: store at -20°C. Reconstituted: refrigerate, use within 30 days.","researchDose":"Not established in humans. Animal studies use mg/kg ranges.","evidenceTier":"Animal studies only. Very early-stage research.","primaryMechanism":"TREK-1 potassium channel blockade, rapid synaptic BDNF release, neurogenesis","studiedFor":["depression (animal)","neurogenesis","rapid antidepressant effect","BDNF upregulation"],"notes":"Synthetic analog of spadin, itself a fragment of the prosaposin propeptide. TREK-1 channel blockade is a novel antidepressant mechanism distinct from SSRIs. Very new — minimal published data. Approach with appropriate caution.","url":"https://snrk.uk/data/pe-22-28","researchReview":"https://snrk.uk/research/pe-22-28-research-review"}]}